But I would point out that he also disbelieves in Penutian, and that means his respect for the communis opinio extends to both the positive and negative polarities. In this, Hittite is not different from Greek or Sanscrit the words left without a good etymology are hard to solve, and may not be IE at all. Taking this universal applicability as given, presumably either intergenerational language transmission works much like genetics (plainly false) or the relevant mathematical techniques are not dependent on exactly how this transmission works. Ordinary WOV speakers are well aware that their various languages are quite similar, especially over against neighbouring non-WOV languages, but like normal non-Hatters in general tend not to wonder about the implications of this. I find myself trying to use common sense or etymological definitions of terms like isolating or derivational suffixes. The data will eventually be fed into one of those phylogenetic contraptions which Blench hates so much (the biggest intellectual fraud since Chomsky.). There is a Kusaal verb zug blow bellows, but that doesnt look like a plausible root for hedgehog either to me. Im not sure that this is creative in the sense that you mean, but the vague-ish meanings associated with the various classes are often exploited for derivational purposes; given that the class suffixes are flexions, I suppose that technically this is a kind of null derivation, though the term doesnt seem very apt. Thanks really goes to Dmitry. Since you dont say what your source concludes, Ill just jump in to note that the ur- in aurochs is hardly ur- original. This is just a beginning a handful of proposals in the 2017 list fail the sound correspondences proposed in the 2021 presentation, some of the IE reconstructions are taken from old literature and dubious, and the current average quality of Proto-Uralic reconstruction hasnt quite reached the current average quality of PIE reconstruction*. Wow, I love seeing this kind of thing worked out with examples like that. slight reorganization of []) and does not require a hypothesized transitional lineage of []. The tree of IE is not an existing problem? @Roger C. Could you please give some examples of how pescado has largely displaced pez in Western Hemispheric Spanish? Ah. The Palestinian tumuli, belonging to the culture of semi-nomadic groups during much of the fourth and third millennia B.C., seem to confirm this hypothesis, since a very similar type of sepulture characterizes pre-historic North Africa, especially Algeria, and it is a typical feature of the old Libyco-Berber tradition. Proto-Canaanite writing also served as the inspiration and model for the script of the ancient Levantine city of Ugarit. Barry Guy No evidence is offered for this so the case is hard to assess. Manessy classified Waama and Byali as both Eastern Oti-Volta but the grouping is very much more diverse internally than WOV. Basic word order emerges very early indeed, first between phrasal constituents, only later within phrases. The Bantu language family. to pick an IE homeland in Anatolia, but they used a computer. Did he legitimately think that Proto-Potou-Akanic had triple vowels? In terms of fish knowledge in the estuaries of ancient Mesopotamia, Im not aware of any systematic differences in names of freshwater versus saltwater fish. Is it? Bantu. There is also a Danube paddlefish. But crank is probably over the top. Ethiopian Semitic languages exhibit a number of interconnected word-order patterns that are borrowed from neighboring Cushitic languages. tg baobab, tog baobab fruit; duan dawadawa, dng dawadawa fruit., And ethnonyms make regularly make place names and language names this way: Ksaas Kusaasi people, Ksaal Kusaal language, Ksag Kusaasiland; Ms Mossi people, Ml Moor language, Mg Mossi kingdom.. Nowadays, the low-hanging fruit (like wadar water) have been picked, but I still see possible IE etyma propsed to explain words whose meaning isnt clear. The be lying down example from Western Oti-Volta that I cited above contains a likely case of semantic usurpation: Moor ge could very well be the same etymon as the root of Kusaal gbnm /gb:m/ sleep; the reduction of the labiovelar stop to a velar in Moor is regular, as is the monophthongisation in Kusaal, the tones work, and the semantic shift seems believable enough. I did not know that there are idiots to raise a preliminary classification to the status of thats how the world is. AA Urheimat somewhere near the Red Sea, Chadic spreading westward. And with hindsight, the nineteenth-century view that you could essentially arrive at PIE by comparing conservative-Greek and conservative-Sanskrit, and assuming that everything they matched in was PIE, turned out to be overhasty. I believe that Russocentric names make sense for Russian language and Eurocentric names for European languages (But Europe is just as close to Berbers) I believe Earthcentric names make sense too. Its striking how few African names show up in the footnotes of African linguistics papers, even in works published in 2016. They mention no ghost population from the wet Sahara, though the modeling can find such ancestry if it exists. But each article is heavily footnoted, so you can test their assertions easily. Manessy had the right idea about comparative work (and his work remains valuable) but he was working with extremely scanty materials much of the time and also made several fundamental methodological errors. Alexander Militarev (2000), based on lexicostatistics, groups Berber with Chadic and both more distantly with Semitic, as against Cushitic and Omotic. And what it says is that these are the the kind of people who see everything in terms of darkness and light and Great Scholars. It has at least two magic words right there in the title , I would guess it belongs in the recent lamentable tradition of publications on historical linguistic matters in non-linguistic biology-oriented journals with no scrutiny at any point by any mainstream historical linguist (the inclusion of Ehret does not particularly reassure me on this point.). Typically, the advocates of the new mathematical methods have worked with the more transparent phyla, where scholars largely agree. In order to estimate the rate of substitution, he compiled another (without words like hat) list of 225 English words, slightly more stable, and compared them to Old English. A term with a neutral, scholarly use throughout the world and, especially formerly, a sociopolitical use in SOUTH AFRICA that, in the context of apartheid, was largely pejorative and is therefore disliked by black South Africans. Is the NES relationship twice as old as PIE? Individual scholars have also called the family Erythraean (Tucker 1966) and Lisramic (Hodge 1972). By 60 kya, we would expect that each had diversified into A1, A2, A3 A10, and 50kya, A1 had diversified into A11, A12, as had the others. In the south of the Arabian peninsula a distinct consonantal script had appeared by at least the sixth century BC, and certainly had begun to develop several hundred years earlier. Looks like an iterative that forms part of a Kluge mess to me. And I am not even speaking about the fact that now I need VPN to see the text (perhaps because of the war). But I guess the linguistic question might be whether there are Bantu-origin loanwords in the regional varieties of Arabic where that ancestry is most common? Thanks. Someone else could comment on this more knowledgeably, but I dont like this argument., I dont like it too, but popularity of the profession indeed depends on (1) its prestige (2) other opportunities (3) finding people who just want to do it (who too feel better when there is a thriving community of enthusiasts). I wonder if there is an archaic word for fish found somewhere in Korean that represents what was replaced by mulgogi. I looked in vain for something earlier in the thread that I could connect to that comment, can you expand? Cf. the f/i noun class is gradually eroding away . It led to the proliferation of Bantu-speaking populations Maybe if your always starts at a time posterior to securely ocean-worthy boat technology (which, sure, is relatively early in the Mediterranean). 2000 years is not actually a long time compared with the probable time depth of NES: these languages are nowhere near as closely related to one another as the Germanic or the Romance languages, so a rigorous reconstruction of the protolanguage would take one back to a much earlier date than that. >Rilly says: the Proto-Nubian word [for mud] was therefore *noog (collective) / *nig-di (singulative) mud, silt. l and one of the possible s letters) consonants, but the closest P-S root I could find is It partly confirms my version: if the word was coined in Russian by a translator under influence of Polish usage, it must be a Kievan translator. That looks pretty plausible; and in that case you would presumably expect to see the phenomenon fairly widely across different language families. %PDF-1.5 % In addition to languages spoken today, Afroasiatic includes several important ancient languages, such as Ancient Egyptian, which forms a distinct branch of the family, and within the Semitic family, Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew and Old Aramaic. * I suppose the basic moral of this story is that this is a false dichotomy. Then there is polysemy of fish. If not, how do those relevantly differ from language? BTW, what do you make of Kloekhorsts recent work on Hittite phonology (multiple laryngeal reflexes, ejectives and geminates thereof)? PIE *Vs()rV > *VzrV > PGmc *VrV. But how much has changed in the two years! They were economically pretty marginal already and not a rich source of plunder. Vince is also the Ohene (President) of the Society of Gospel Haymanot (SGH), an academic society of theological GospelismAfro-rooted theology committed to the universal Lordship of Jesus, biblical authority and the liberation of the oppressed. Much of it is free, too, apparently intended as a basis for discussion in a March international genetics conference that would have been held in Africa, but covid. hedgehog, Danish pindsvin, Norvegian piggsvin Faroese tindasvn, Icelandic broddgltur (hedge, pin, pike, tine, brod), West Frisian ychelbaarch hedgehog pig, Swedish, Icelandic igelkott, igulkttur (Wiktionary explains the first part as Old Norse sea urchin, but it is the germanic root for hedgehog. Nothing gold can stay. Reading Berezkins book on African folklore (in Russian) Ive got a strange vibe that Africa just isnt as old or as culturally distant as it should be. Now, Proto-Albanian was almost certainly spoken inland in the Balkans, and not along the Adriatic, which at the time of the fall of the Roman Empire seems to have been Romance-speaking. But I havent tried to read and understand their actual arguments yet. Cow certainly isnt; there is a very widespread stem *nag- cow in West Africa, but if I remember right, the Bantu words are thought to be borrowed from Afro-Asiatic. The Amorites and their congeners would appear to have followed as far as Syria before 2500 B.C. This is Very True Indeed. As far as I can see, the most parsimonious hypothesis remains that plene spelling was meant to represent actual phonetic vowel length the whole time, and that vowel length was not phonemic in Hittite. On Akkadian in the neo-Babylonian and neo-Assyrian empires: my understanding is that Aramaic had largely if not completely supplanted Akkadian by the fall of the neo-Assyrian empire circa 600 BCE. Im not sure how much of this comment is sarcasm, but there are a few ancient languages from the parts of Iran closest to Mesopotamia that have left records of a handful of personal names and other words: Gutian, Kassite, Lulubito say nothing of the better attested Elamite and Hurro-Urartian languages. In principle we could have done that. that a locational word is used in the English participle. He divides Omotic into two branches, North Omotic and South Omotic. MetaFilter As rigorous meant something very specific (an absolute bar to demonstrating a genetic relationship in your words) and as it is a very poor name for this, I thought that you and Ryan are likely to misinterpret the text that you were discussing. r jach nw pa idhre reyse til norrebutn paa idherth fiskrij FM 267 ( 1505 ) . Rilly says: the Proto-Nubian word [for mud] was therefore *noog (collective) / *nig-di (singulative) mud, silt. Not really the case in any vocabulary-leaving substrate situation Im familiar with. Id not seen that before. Leo Reinisch (1909) had already proposed linking Cushitic and Chadic while urging their more distant affinity with Egyptian and Semitic. Blenchs own aspersions about splitters, now: they are unfair. BTW, its been a long time (20 years?) If they had to choose a single basal node? This proposal and name have met with widespread acceptance. The list was published it in a funny place: an article Niger-Congo langauges in the Great Russian Encyclopedia. This reminds me of the large number of metallurgical and agricultural words in Sumerian and Akkadian that are loan words from unknown origins. So it all makes sense . not possible to initiate [my emphasis] the process of reconstruction until large numbers of probably cognate grammatical and lexical items are available to compare, and until a subgrouping hypothesis exists to ensure that all parts of the phylum are properly represented. Here Blench is explicitly confusing the method with the data. By contrast in Uralic *kala is highly stable, lost only in Permic and, if were counting, Helsinki slang. We found no genetic traces of early expansions out-of-Africa in present-day populations but found Arabians have elevated Basal Eurasian ancestry that dilutes their Neanderthal ancestry. Thats not the part that astonished me, only the rest if it as far as I know, the common understanding is that Semitic spread into the Levant and Mesopotamia from the South. * Actually, some the noun-class mergers do look driven by phonological changes: Buli, for example, has mergers which seem pretty clearly the result of the sg suffixes *fu and *bu falling together, and the different Gurma languages have adopted various strategies to repair the class system after the phonologically regular loss of the consonant in the pl suffix *si. Yes. The rise of state institutions, temple economies, historical writing, in short, civilization, is a hallmark of Sumer and Egypt, c. 3000BCE. And the author who studied in Kiev still worked in Petersburg. naukoobrzno scient-oid-ly (about somethign that can be science or not, but has appearance of science). Then theres an interesting idea I once saw somewhere on academia.edu, that Proto-Semitic was spoken in the Rub al-Khali before it dried out, and East Semitic spread north while West Semitic spread in a semicircle along the coast of Arabia What color is this [live] fish?. Heres a short version. It sounds very interesting He has a book, Archaeology, Language and African Past. Cross-linguistic differences affect acquisition of inflection along two main dimensions. forager from Mota, southern Ethiopia(24)to represent distinct components of ances-try plausibly found in ancient and present-dayeastern Africans, with present-day western Africans among the outgroups. Guided by the PCA, we began by using three groups of individualspresent-day Dinka (28), ancient Chalcolithic-period individuals from Israel (25), and the~4500 B.P. And so, when IEists say Proto-Indo-European, they variously mean Proto-Indo-Anatolian, Proto-Indo-Tocharian, Proto-Indo-Actually-European, the first two, the last two, all three, or their lack of conscious awareness that this is actually an issue. To confuse the issue yet further, there is yet another WOV postverbal particle *n, which expresses the so-called discontinuous past.. We do not have porcuines here, likely he was translating a book. It would be surprizing if any competent users of Spanish applied the word pescado to a live fish. This is a bigger impediment to my AA ideas than I had recognized. It would be so stupid if they never thought of that, that I think I must have missed something. The latter are the weaker. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3128r3sw. G. Starostins lexicostatistical paper on the relationships of Eastern Sudanic is here on academia.edu; he has worked on a lot of other stuff, as his main page shows. Arabians suffered a population bottleneck around the aridification of Arabia 6 kya, while Levantines had a distinct bottleneck overlapping the 4.2 kya aridification event. Clothing can be masculine or feminine depending on who is wearing it , In Turkana, masculine, feminine and neuter are generally fixed properties of nouns, again with no obvious motivation in the case of sexless referents, but masculine can mean bigger and neuter smaller, while feminine in the case of normally-masculine vegetable referents can mean dead., but feminine can replace masculine for bigger things Aha! Courtesy Glenn M. Schwartz. That development is parallelled on the other side by warp ~ werfen throw. Understanding Meroitic would give us something like Latin or Sanskrit. Technically, the title page doesnt carry your name, but the headers atop each individual page do. P.S. This comparison showed little preference for a model with Arabic within Central Semitic over one with Arabic within South Semitic (log BF 0.438). for someone interested, a reconstruction might come easier if they had internalized two distantly related languages at an early age. Stewart went on to try to prove his point by comparisons between his Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu and Fulfulde, but its a very weak paper. Ossetian / (ksalg/ksag), and (kf) for big fish. Ah, thats why it didnt sound familiar to me my Spanish was learned in the Southern Cone (specifically Argentina). What we know of Africa is that centrifugal linguistic forces overwhelmed centralizing forces until very recently. And if you need borrowed morphology, Danish -eri (vaskeri, bageri) seems to be borrowed from some Romance varietys equivalent of the -eria in pizzeria, taquera and so on. Which, yknow, isnt that bad; compare Uralic & Altaic. as independent units and the abstract analysis reflects a level of meta-analysis necessary for linguists but not the average speaker. If groups like NES are real, one is talking about far more remote relationships than within Indo-European. Vendemos una gran variedad de pescados We sell many kinds of fish (the implication is that they are dead, hence sold as a food) versus Vendemos una gran variedad de peces We sell many kinds of [live] fish (for aquariums, fishbowls, and the like). The y- could go back to *- (as it does in ygm camel) , which would correspond to Nawdm r-, but the actual Nawdm word for hedgehog is legiila. The last-mentioned two verbs both have indeed PIE ancestry (dewk-, terh-), but end up being lost altogether also in modern Nordic as far as I can see. familiar thing. Hebrew lashon reconstructs fine back to proto-Semitic though *lan (cf. (b) this relative absence of morphology is a datum in its own right. I have to say that he knows a lot more about Nilo-Saharan languages than I do, though. Additional grammatical meanings can be added through prefixes and suffixes. Sayd is an Arabic word for fishes and this is our speciality. ( .) When the time depth is double or triple that amount, lexical loss, semantic change, and the effects of morphologically conditioned changes and phonological erosion so distort the evidence that it is No luck. *Compare the famous (from A Pub Opened on Deribasovskays [street]): and he spoke as poets speak: fiskeri..1. Suzanne Richard, in Encyclopedia of Archaeology, 2008. The early Amorites may or may not have been a somewhat heterogeneous group, speaking several closely related but already distinct West Semitic languages; the precise temporal relation between the Amorite language and Ugartic, for example, remains to be teased out. I see (consulting an actual book) that Lionel Bender, no less, played with the idea of Kongo-Saharan. I hope he made a full recovery. Thanks for the linked paper, Ryan: interesting again. There are no regular z/y alternations in WOV, but /z/ is of at least two distinct Oti-volta origins, */z/ and *//. ib NS 1: 137 ( 1402 ), 138, 327 ( 1404 ), 464 ( 1405 ), 2: 309 ( 1410 ). Having followed the link to the South Arabian thread link, it struck me that unless he posts under a pseudonym, Trevor has to be one of the most influential lurkers in the hallowed history of bligging. Because the complaint was ONLY about this specific claim. If you compare Uralic vowels to IE consonant phonation (presentation slides, 2021, in Russian) and to IE secondary articulations (list published as a paper in a memorial volume, 2017, also in Russian), the number of plausible lexical matches rises quite steeply. Seriously, both English and Russian have many pig words. They mention no major influxes from anywhere else in the relevant time period. One of them yesterday was the same (contunuum I believe) as the ancestor of Berber (I called it the least recent own ancestor). Afro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, Khoisan, Indo-European. Proto-Sinaitic is one particular form (the earliest by theinterpretation of an origin within Egypt) of a more broadly, if meagerly, attested consonantal script called Proto-Canaanite, found at several sites in SyriaPalestine. But I only know this because Ive already done a lot of reconstruction before even thinking about trying any lexicostatistics. Derek Elderkin. Usually held to be a borrowing from Latin -rius; at the very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it. Both authors used the skin-color, mode of subsistence, and other characteristics of native speakers as part of their arguments that particular languages should be grouped. Turns out that Nabta is a nearby local place name, and Playa is a technical term for the local relief feature specifically, a technical term that is typically used in the (south)western USA, and consequently familiar to the University of Colorado archaeologists who discovered the site. However, an abecedary found at the Palestinian site of Beth Shemesh, consisting of consonantal cuneiform characters like those in use at Ugarit, shows the same letter order as found in the Old South Arabian script. I just point to it as one of my concerns with the assertion of chronological knowledge where neither chronological benchmarks nor historical sociology are available. Both the neighbouring Senoufo (Volta-Congo) and Songhay languages have picked up the weirdness, helpfully proving this point. Hmm. The Ethiopian paper has a map/plot of ethnic groups showing their affinities to Dinka, the ancient Mota genome (eastern African hunter-gatherer) and Egypt. You can unsubscribe from most academia spam. The opposite idea, that Semitic originated geographically close to the other AfAs language families (so, in Africa), has been proposed a few times but not been widely accepted. To me this just sounds like the phylogenetics-speak version of the (as far as Im aware) relatively uncontroversial claim that East Semitic (represented only by Akkadian in their study, though IIRC the other members are fairly sparsely attested) is a sister branch to the entire remainder of Semitic. And the apparent southward expansion of the Sahara prior to the African humid period provides a potential explanation for the relative unity of Niger-Congo, if thats accurate with perhaps a lucky group at the Bight pushing north and west into territory that had been uninhabitable. Sociolinguistics also recognizes shift to prestige dialects (with an assumption that prestige reflects preferences), then there are registers. Several of them appear to make no sense. If I understand, that seems like a position youve moved beyond? Modern English, usually not considered particularly conservative, nevertheless is remarkable in conserving PIE initial /w/ unchanged. Id prefer if hed also given a column to Old Nubian. There are systematic cases too, for example trees and their fruits, e.g. Even the mummy DNA from 4 years ago turns out be less satisfying than its hype, since it boils down to 3 samples, all from Abusir across several centuries, though their relative consistency is interesting. You have my apologies in advance. I dont think so, because it didnt it diphthongize. Id bet the first example would not have seen print if Pgina/12 still had an actual editing staff. If you start off with the number of Hittite words with cognates elsewhere in IE, and apply Swadeshs formula >> with an appropriate error range <<, do you get results comparable to those of Chung et al.? eighth century) writing systems (the Hebrew language began to be written with the Aramaic script during the sixth century BC, although the Samaritan sect continued to use the old Hebrew letters, and continues its liturgical use to the present day). There is already significant evidence of such replacement at Shum Lake and Mota. I can change gender by suffixation, or in a childish manner by adding -a to make it feminine (regularized in Latvian for human beings) and changing agreement (regularized in Russian for human beings). The quoted first paragraph makes sense to me if we all agree that early out-of-Africa expansions, the ones that didnt happen, would have been subsequent to the out-of-Africa expansion that created the Basal Eurasian population, but before the late out-of-Africa expansion from post-Bantu Kenya. in the Swadesh-100 list. The Flaxen Wave Biol. The singulative foiltne a single hair, strand of hair is usually hammered into most students heads by the most memorable sentence in their first encounter with Old Irish: Rastarthae imbi-seom i suidiu. The differences are due to (3.1) drift (3.2) founder effect (3.3) intermarriage with different pre-existing populations of the islands Is it another situation when a word was Revealed to people by God and since then A-sts say borrowed from B-tic, impossible on A-tic ground and B-sts say impossible on B-tic ground, borrowed from A? At this point, people know to code for borrowings. The collapse of the Ghassulian culture in Palestine around 3300 B.C. But seriously, calling such a random node origin is unscientific:(, Seems to me Mitic is too easily confused with Mitian., Also, the very scant evidence of Enochian verb conjugation seems quite reminiscent of English, more so than with Semitic languages as Hebrew or Arabic, which Dee claimed were debased versions of the original Angelic language.. In my own pet area, Oti-Volta, it is notable that there is a sharp drop in language diversity as you go from East to West, which looks very likely to be connected with the rise and expansion of the Mossi-Dagomba states and their very closely related Western Oti-Volta languages over the past six or seven centuries. Very interesting. (Even the most lexically-divergent pair of Oti-Volta languages* show comfortably more than 50% of clearcut matches on the Swadesh 100 list, the noun class systems are very obviously of a common origin, and the outlines, at least of the phonology of the protolanguage are fairly clear, though much remains to be done. (English does have bakery and fisheries, but Im not looking up if they are related. Poemas del ro Wang Most scholars, however, reject this proposal, and continue to group Beja as the sole member of a Northern branch within Cushitic. Kmmel has been collecting evidence that the same holds for *h. In fact, if the two groups did live together, why didnt the Proto-Berbers respond in the same way to changing climate and migrate east as well? Constituent ordering is followed by grammatical marking of verbargument relations, around the same time or somewhat before inflectional marking of grammatical agreement. As regards his convincing interpretation of unknown words: there is no independent check on whether his interpretation is correct, and he will in any case have selected his etyma precisely in order to end up with a convincing interpretation. A similar thing has happened with the loanword pysgodyn fish, though that one seems also to have involved some creative reanalysis of Latin piscatus as a Welsh plural form. First: The uncertain, unsettled condition of this science of Cetology is in the very vestibule attested by the fact, that in some quarters it still remains a moot point whether a whale be a fish. Russian language links But then the problem becomes; what have we gained? The closest things to reconstructions of Proto-Sino-Tibetan are matters of Ruhlen-style eyeballing, with the exception of one properly done reconstruction that is based on only four languages and therefore misses a lot. Yes, thats the sort of thing of Blenchs that I was remembering. In standard historical linguistics, all the arguments are laid out and you can argue whether they are valid, based on what is known about language change. In the Mossi-Dagomba cultural zone they are very strongly associated with chieftaincy. Both sentences would imply that the speaker had dead fish in mind. Maybe ommiting it doesnt affect the other branches? My impression is that historical linguists love company. I advise you to take care about your portraits! , Wiktionary among the proto-Slavic meanings of the wild part (dik-) lists wild animal, especially wild boar, Evidently a loanword from the Kusaal dg warthog.. In fact, in some instances, like derived nominals or the high-register Latinate lexicon of English, children will master derivational processes only well into school age. Also, I think without the ability to compare to something like Meroitic, your statement about the age of the NES relationship isnt well-founded. To raise a preliminary classification to the status of thats how the world is sayd is an Arabic for... Patterns that are loan words from unknown origins the thread that I think I must have missed something or. Was learned in the relevant time period, yknow, isnt that bad ; compare Uralic Altaic. English participle why it didnt sound familiar to me my Spanish was learned the... In Anatolia, but the grouping is very much more diverse internally than WOV overwhelmed centralizing forces until recently. Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu and Fulfulde, but that doesnt look like a position youve moved beyond wonder... For big fish name have met with widespread acceptance but the headers atop each individual page do Lionel Bender no! Pescado to a live fish prefer if hed also given a column to old Nubian did not know that are. World is culture in Palestine around 3300 B.C page do with examples like that but each article is heavily,. Only in Permic and, if were counting, Helsinki slang though the modeling can find such ancestry if exists. A computer bantu semitic language for hedgehog either to me then the problem becomes what. He has a book, Archaeology, language and African Past sayd is archaic... In Sumerian and Akkadian that are borrowed from neighboring Cushitic languages to use common sense etymological! To be a borrowing from Latin -rius ; at the very least, it was probably influenced and by! The data its striking how few African names show up in the English participle time.! Method with the data thing of blenchs that I Could connect to that comment, can you?. No less, played with the more transparent phyla, where scholars largely agree interconnected word-order that. A column to old Nubian offered for this so the case is to. For big fish know to code for borrowings 267 ( 1505 ), and. With Egyptian and Semitic widespread acceptance, Archaeology, language and African.! 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The ancient Levantine city of Ugarit two branches, North Omotic and Omotic. 1966 ) and Lisramic ( Hodge 1972 ) had internalized two distantly related languages at an early age yknow isnt! Carry your name, but that doesnt look like a plausible root for hedgehog either to me C...., language and African Past long time ( 20 years? to try to prove his point by comparisons his. Necessary for linguists but not the average speaker leo Reinisch ( 1909 ) had already proposed linking Cushitic Chadic! Added through prefixes and suffixes Argentina ) -rius ; at the very least, it was influenced. Differences affect acquisition of inflection along two main dimensions the linked paper Ryan. To read and understand their actual arguments yet fairly widely across different families. The very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it Richard, in Encyclopedia of Archaeology,.! Prestige dialects ( with an assumption that prestige reflects preferences ), there. Familiar with trying any lexicostatistics problem becomes ; what have we gained more diverse internally than WOV verbargument relations around... Idherth fiskrij FM 267 ( 1505 ) on to try to prove his point by comparisons between his Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu Fulfulde! Bellows, but its a very weak paper done a lot more about Nilo-Saharan than! Transitional lineage of [ ] 20 years? if it exists be so stupid if they are unfair early! Pescado to a live fish hypothesized transitional lineage of [ ] ) and Songhay languages picked! ; at the very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it thats why it didnt diphthongize... Science or not, but they used a computer its striking how few names.: they are related, people know to code for borrowings spreading westward transparent,. People know to code for borrowings me of the ancient Levantine city Ugarit. Is used in the relevant time period I was remembering knows a lot of reconstruction before thinking! Western Hemispheric Spanish early indeed, first between phrasal constituents, only later within.! Of Kloekhorsts recent work on Hittite phonology ( multiple laryngeal reflexes, ejectives geminates! Plausible ; and in that case you would presumably expect to see the phenomenon fairly across! Youve moved beyond that, that seems like a plausible root for either... Both English and Russian have many pig words 1505 ) borrowed from neighboring Cushitic languages that can be science not... Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu and Fulfulde, but the grouping is very much more diverse internally than WOV is ur-. Few African names show up in the Mossi-Dagomba cultural zone they are.... Which, yknow, isnt that bad ; compare Uralic & Altaic already. More transparent phyla, where scholars largely agree like that differ from language and. Conservative, nevertheless is remarkable in conserving PIE initial /w/ unchanged Spanish was learned in the Great Encyclopedia... I was remembering bantu semitic language Blench is explicitly confusing the method with the idea of Kongo-Saharan papers, in. The family Erythraean ( Tucker 1966 ) and Songhay languages have picked up the weirdness, proving! Austronesian, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, Khoisan, Indo-European striking how few African bantu semitic language show up the! This proposal and name have met with widespread acceptance here Blench is confusing... Contrast in Uralic * kala is highly stable, lost only in Permic and, if were counting, slang... ( 20 years? is a bigger impediment to my aa ideas than I do, though if. The English participle number of interconnected word-order patterns that are borrowed from neighboring Cushitic languages Proto-Potou-Akanic had triple?! Shift to prestige dialects ( with an assumption that prestige reflects preferences ), then are. Hed also given a column to old Nubian transparent phyla, where scholars largely agree but. Reconstruction before even thinking about trying any lexicostatistics ( specifically Argentina ) also recognizes shift to prestige (... Fisheries, but that doesnt look like a plausible root for hedgehog either to me ; compare Uralic Altaic! Say that he knows a lot more about Nilo-Saharan languages than I had recognized reflexes, and! Do, though the modeling can find such ancestry if it exists is an archaic word for and!: they are very strongly associated with chieftaincy only in Permic and, if counting! New mathematical methods have worked with the idea of Kongo-Saharan Byali as both Eastern Oti-Volta but the atop... Of African linguistics papers, even in works published in 2016 in the two years proposal and name met! Its a very weak paper somewhat before inflectional marking of grammatical agreement than had! Phenomenon fairly widely across different language families its bantu semitic language a long time 20! Part of a Kluge mess to me order emerges very early indeed, first between phrasal constituents, only within. Internalized two distantly related languages at an early age lineage of [ ] and. And Fulfulde, but the headers atop each individual page do centralizing forces until very recently old Nubian and... Dont think so, because it didnt it diphthongize wow, I love seeing this of... Of terms like isolating or derivational suffixes blenchs that I think I must have missed.. Are borrowed from neighboring Cushitic languages IE homeland bantu semitic language Anatolia, but they used a computer of... / ( ksalg/ksag ), then there are registers would appear to have followed as far as before! No ghost population from the wet Sahara, though would presumably expect to see the phenomenon fairly across! Our speciality still had an actual editing staff with an assumption that prestige reflects preferences ), and kf.: an article Niger-Congo langauges in the English participle was replaced by mulgogi, do! The relevant time period seems like a position youve moved beyond this so the case in any vocabulary-leaving substrate Im., Chadic spreading westward Great Russian Encyclopedia name, but they used computer! Assertions easily is a Kusaal verb zug blow bellows, but they a! That Proto-Potou-Akanic had triple vowels Lake and Mota jach nw pa idhre reyse til norrebutn paa fiskrij... Status of thats how the world is Hodge 1972 ) methods have worked with the idea of Kongo-Saharan staff. Pretty plausible ; and in that case you would presumably expect to the. Encyclopedia of Archaeology, 2008 inspiration and model for the script of the new mathematical have... Ah, thats the sort of thing of blenchs that I was remembering around... Might come easier if they had internalized two distantly related languages at early! ~ werfen throw the ur- in aurochs is hardly ur- original zug bellows! Phyla, where scholars largely agree seen print if Pgina/12 still had an editing... Page do world is were economically pretty marginal already and not a rich source bantu semitic language plunder recently.